![]() In this regard, the co-occurrence of depression with NSSI merits attention as it is related to an inflation in suicide ideation, on top of NSSI as an indicator of both suicidal desire and the behavioral capability required for lethal behaviors. The overlap of NSSI with other psychiatric disorders and their interrelations contributing to suicide risk suggest that attending to the transdiagnostic nature of NSSI is important for risk formulation among the subgroups with higher vulnerabilities.Ī substantial part of the relationship between NSSI and suicidal behaviors has been attributed to the role of suicide ideation (e.g., desire), particularly in the presence of other risk factors (e.g., depression, childhood abuse). NSSI can occur across an array of psychopathology, including affective and anxiety-related disorders, with common psychological vulnerabilities (e.g., emotion dysregulation, negative cognitions) underpinning these overlaps. NSSI during adolescence represents particular concern not only because it is more prevalent but interrelated with domains that together aggravate the risk of suicidal behaviors, including personality traits (e.g., impulsivity), internalizing symptoms (e.g., depression), and other dysregulated behaviors (e.g., problematic alcohol and/or substance use), as well as later NSSI in adulthood. Importantly, it is a well-documented predictor of suicide attempt. Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), a deliberate infliction of damage on one’s body without suicidal intent, is a pressing health concern. This study warrants the importance of attending to the comorbid depression with NSSI in adolescents as it is related to an increase in suicidal desire accompanying SIB. Suicidal motives in adolescents who engage in NSSI in the presence of depression and PTSD may be confounded by the co-occurrence of panic disorder. Psychological underpinnings of adolescent NSSI in clinical contexts may be largely associated with concurrent depression. An increased odds of the suicidal motive for SIB was found in adolescents with all three conditions (i.e., group C: NSSI+/depression+/PTSD+) compared to those with NSSI but neither depression nor PTSD (i.e., group A: NSSI+/depression-/PTSD-) however, this was not significant after controlling for panic disorder. without depression reported more psychological vulnerabilities and impairment and a greater degree of suicidal thoughts/desire in SIB (i.e., groups B, C >A), which remained significant after controlling for panic disorder. Overall, adolescents who engage in NSSI with vs. The NSSI subgroup classification was significantly associated with panic disorder, which was controlled for in the subsequent group comparisons. ResultsĬommon comorbidities of NSSI included depression, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and PTSD. Differences between NSSI diagnostic subgroups were tested on the motives for SIB and accompanying suicidal presentations (e.g., desire, intent, motive, lethality). Scores on the psychological correlates of NSSI were compared between adolescents with NSSI and NC, and across three diagnostic subgroups of NSSI (A: NSSI+/depression-/PTSD-, n = 14 B: NSSI+/depression+/PTSD-, n = 57 C: NSSI+/depression+/PTSD+, n = 14). Adolescents with NSSI also completed clinical interviews on psychiatric diagnoses and a recent self-injurious behavior (SIB). Participants completed self-report measures on psychological vulnerabilities and impairment (e.g., emotion regulation difficulties, negative cognitions). ![]() MethodsĮighty-seven adolescents meeting DSM-5 criteria for NSSI and 104 age-range-matched nonclinical controls (NC) participated. The present study compared diagnostic subgroups of NSSI based on current depression and PTSD on psychological correlates (i.e., vulnerabilities and impairment) and suicidal presentations (i.e., suicidal cognitions and behaviors) in a psychiatric sample of adolescents. ![]() Depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are comorbidities of NSSI compounding this relationship. Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) combined with suicide ideation increases the risk of suicidal behaviors.
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